Part 1 – Quantitative Analysis of Socio-economic Status and Age Group, with Experience of Health Services
This section includes the main results in the form of contingency tables, statistics and bar charts. Some of the results in the contingency tables are highlighted where there is a dramatic difference in expected count and actual count. For a list of all variables and original values see Appendix 4. An unusual distribution was found for ‘age left education’ (see Appendix 5), therefore the distribution of age left education and age group was presented in bar charts and analysed (See Appendix 5) which revealed a large proportion (59.8%) missing for ‘age left education’, explaining the overrepresentation of those that left school age 16 or less; it is commented that those missing are likely to be aged 16-35 (See Appendix 5). Age was then analysed in relation to age left education. As respondents still in full-time education were so highly concentrated in the age group 16-35 (See Appendix 6) and because this category was not useful for revealing socioeconomic status, those still in full-time education were filtered out and age and age left education re-examined.
Analysis of Results Part 1 – Socioeconomic Status and Health Care Experience
Legend for Contingency Tables:
- + = higher than expected count
- – = lower than expected count
- / = little difference between actual and expected count
Table I. Contingency Table Age Group and Age Left Full-Time Education, Filtering Out Respondents Still in Full-Time Education
| Age group, taken from response or from sample information if response missing | |||||
| Age left education | 16-35 years of age | 36-50 years of age | 51-65 years of age | Over 65 years of age | Row Total |
| 16 or less count | 503- | 1205- | 1882+ | 1880 + | 5470 |
| 16 or less expected count | 933.9 | 1426.1 | 1706.5 | 1403.5 | 5470.0 |
| 17 or 18 count | 461+ | 621+ | 521- | 312- | 1915 |
| 17 or 18 expected count | 327.0 | 499.2 | 597.4 | 491.4 | 1915.0 |
| 19 or over count | 651 + | 640+ | 548- | 235 – | 2074 |
| 19 or over expected count | 354.1 | 540.7 | 647.0 | 532.1 | 2074.0 |
| Column Total | 1615 | 2466 | 2951 | 2427 | 9459 |
The biggest differences in expected and actual count were between the youngest and oldest age groups, at the highest and lowest levels of education and fit the expected pattern: those that left school at 16 or less were overrepresented by the age groups 50 and over.
| Table II. Chi Square Statistic | |||
| Value | df | Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) | |
| Pearson Chi-Square | 1021.056a | 6 | .000 |
| Likelihood Ratio | 1043.165 | 6 | .000 |
| Linear-by-Linear Association | 950.882 | 1 | .000 |
| N of Valid Cases | 9459 | ||
| a. 0 cells (.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 326.96. | |||
It is significant and valid. As the obtained value of 1021.056 is much higher than the critical value of 12.59 it suggests there is a strong correlation between age group and age left education.
Given that age has been shown to affect school-leaving age, answers to questions were analysed in relation to both age group and age left education, to consider how this relationship interfered with the association between socio-economic status and health care service received.
Indicator 1 – Time Waited for an Appointment
Table III. Contingency Table Age Left Education and Time Waited for Appointment
|
Case Processing Summary |
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|
Cases |
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| Valid | Missing | Total | ||||
| N | Percent | N | Percent | N | Percent | |
| How old were you when you left full-time education? * The last time you saw a doctor from your GP practice/ health centre, how long did you wait for an appointment? | 6761 | 71.5% | 2698 | 28.5% | 9459 | 100.0% |
|
How long did you wait for an appointment? |
|||||
| Age left education | I was seen without an appointment | I was seen on the same working day | I waited 1 or 2 working days | I waited more than 2 working days | Row total |
| 16 or less count | 180+ | 1607/ | 1271+ | 893- | 3951 |
| 16 or less expected count | 167.7 | 1605.9 | 1237.1 | 940.3 | 3951.0 |
| 17 or 18 count | 39- | 554/ | 409- | 367+ | 1369 |
| 17 or 18 expected count | 58.1 | 556.4 | 428.7 | 325.8 | 1369.0 |
| 19 or over count | 68/ | 587/ | 437- | 349/ | 1441 |
| 19 or over expected count | 61.2 | 585.7 | 451.2 | 342.9 | 1441.0 |
| Column total | 287 | 2748 | 2117 | 1609 | 6761 |
Those that left school at 16 or less had a higher than expected count for being seen without an appointment and waiting one or two days, and lower than expected count for waiting more than two working days and the opposite is the case for those that left school at 17 or 18. Whilst this pattern is contrary to expected there is little actual difference in the expected counts and actual counts.
| Table IV. Chi-Square Tests | |||
| Value | df | Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) | |
| Pearson Chi-Square | 17.933a | 6 | .006 |
| Likelihood Ratio | 18.560 | 6 | .005 |
| Linear-by-Linear Association | 1.226 | 1 | .268 |
| N of Valid Cases | 6761 | ||
| a. 0 cells (.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 58.11. | |||
Results are valid and significant. The obtained value is slightly higher than the critical value 12.59, suggesting there is not a particularly strong correlation between age left education and how long patients waited for an appointment.
Table V. Contingency Table for Age Group and Time Waited for Appointment
| Case Processing Summary | ||||||
|
Cases |
||||||
| Valid | Missing | Total | ||||
| N | Percent | N | Percent | N | Percent | |
| Age group, taken from response or from sample information if response missing * The last time you saw a doctor from your GP practice/ health centre, how long did you wait for an appointment? | 6761 | 71.5% | 2698 | 28.5% | 9459 | 100.0% |
|
How long did you wait for an appointment? |
|||||
| Age Group | I was seen without an appointment | I was seen on the same working day | I waited 1 or 2 working days | I waited more than 2 working days | Row total |
| 16-35 years count | 45/ | 506+ | 375/ | 270- | 1196 |
| 16-35 years expected count | 50.8 | 486.1 | 374.5 | 284.6 | 1196.0 |
| 36-50 years count | 64- | 741+ | 515- | 463+ | 1783 |
| 36-50 years expected count | 75.7 | 724.7 | 558.3 | 424.3 | 1783.0 |
| 51-65 years count | 78/ | 802- | 664+ | 489/ | 2033 |
| 51-65 years expected count | 86.3 | 826.3 | 636.6 | 483.8 | 2033.0 |
| Over 65 years count | 100+ | 699- | 563+ | 387- | 1749 |
| Over 65 years expected count | 74.2 | 710.9 | 547.6 | 416.2 | 1749.0 |
| Column Total | 287 | 2748 | 2117 | 1609 | 6761 |
There is no clear pattern.
| Table VI. Chi Square Statistic | |||
| Value | df | Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) | |
| Pearson Chi-Square | 25.643a | 9 | .002 |
| Likelihood Ratio | 24.937 | 9 | .003 |
| Linear-by-Linear Association | .844 | 1 | .358 |
| N of Valid Cases | 6761 | ||
| a. 0 cells (.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 50.77. | |||
It is significant and valid. The obtained value of 25.643 is greater than the critical value of 16.92, however this does not suggest a strong correlation and it is not clear in which direction.
Indicator 2 – Whether Given Enough Time to Discuss Medical Problem
Table VII. Contingency Table for Education Leaving Age and Time Given to Discuss Medical Problem
| Case Processing Summary | ||||||
|
Cases |
||||||
| Valid | Missing | Total | ||||
| N | Percent | N | Percent | N | Percent | |
| How old were you when you left full-time education? * Were you given enough time to discuss your health or medical problem with the doctor? | 7986 | 84.4% | 1473 | 15.6% | 9459 | 100.0% |
|
Were you given enough time to discuss your problem? |
||||
| Age left education | Yes, definitely | Yes, to some extent | No | Row Total |
| 16 or less count | 3579+ | 951- | 130- | 4660 |
| 16 or less expected count | 3514.0 | 986.7 | 159.3 | 4660.0 |
| 17 or 18 count | 1177- | 353+ | 68+ | 1598 |
| 17 or 18 expected count | 1205.0 | 338.4 | 54.6 | 1598.0 |
| 19 or over count | 1266- | 387+ | 75+ | 1728 |
| 19 or over expected count | 1303.0 | 365.9 | 59.1 | 1728.0 |
| Column total | 6022 | 1691 | 273 | 7986 |
The pattern is the opposite than expected; those that left school the earliest were more likely to have been given enough time to discuss their medical problem.
| Table VIII. Chi Square Statistic | |||
| Value | df | Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) | |
| Pearson Chi-Square | 19.009a | 4 | .001 |
| Likelihood Ratio | 18.786 | 4 | .001 |
| Linear-by-Linear Association | 15.126 | 1 | .000 |
| N of Valid Cases | 7986 | ||
| a. 0 cells (.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 54.63. | |||
It is both significant and valid. The obtained value of 19.009 is higher than the critical value of 9.49; there appears to be a slight relationship between age left education and whether patients are given enough time to discuss their problem.
Table IX. Contingency Table for Age Group and Time Given to Discuss Medical Problem
| Case Processing Summary | ||||||
|
Cases |
||||||
| Valid | Missing | Total | ||||
| N | Percent | N | Percent | N | Percent | |
| Age group, taken from response or from sample information if response missing * Were you given enough time to discuss your health or medical problem with the doctor? | 7986 | 84.4% | 1473 | 15.6% | 9459 | 100.0% |
|
Were you given enough time to discuss your problem? |
||||
| Age Group | Yes, definitely | Yes, to some extent | No | Row Total |
| 16-35 years count | 917- | 361+ | 74+ | 1352 |
| 16-35 years expected count | 1019.5 | 286.3 | 46.2 | 1352.0 |
| 36-50 years count | 1496- | 489+ | 82+ | 2067 |
| 36-50 years expected count | 1558.7 | 437.7 | 70.7 | 2067.0 |
| 51-65 years count | 1864+ | 494- | 79/ | 2437 |
| 51-65 years expected count | 1837.7 | 516.0 | 83.3 | 2437.0 |
| Over 65 years count | 1745+ | 347- | 38- | 2130 |
| Over 65 years expected count | 1606.2 | 451.0 | 72.8 | 2130.0 |
| Column Total | 6022 | 1691 | 273 | 7986 |
There is a clear pattern the opposite to expected: the younger age group are less likely to be given enough time to discuss the problem and more likely to be given enough time ‘to some extent’ or not given enough time at all, whilst it is the opposite for older groups of respondents.
| Table X. Chi-Square Statistic | |||
| Value | df | Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) | |
| Pearson Chi-Square | 111.040a | 6 | .000 |
| Likelihood Ratio | 112.354 | 6 | .000 |
| Linear-by-Linear Association | 109.535 | 1 | .000 |
| N of Valid Cases | 7986 | ||
| a. 0 cells (.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 46.22. | |||
It is significant and valid. The obtained value of 111.040 is much higher than the critical value of 12.59, which suggests there is a strong association between age group and whether patients are given enough time to discuss their medical problem.
Indicator 3 – Whether Treated with Respect and Dignity
Table XI. Contingency Table of Age Left Education and Whether Treated with Respect and Dignity
| Case Processing Summary | ||||||
|
Cases |
||||||
| Valid | Missing | Total | ||||
| N | Percent | N | Percent | N | Percent | |
| How old were you when you left full-time education? * Did the doctor treat you with respect and dignity? | 8016 | 84.7% | 1443 | 15.3% | 9459 | 100.0% |
|
|
Did the doctor treat you with respect and dignity? |
|||
| Age left education | Yes, all of the time | Yes, some of the time | No | Row Total |
| 16 or less count | 4379+ | 265- | 42- | 4686 |
| 16 or less expected count | 4330.6 | 295.2 | 60.2 | 4686.0 |
| 17 or 18 count | 1453- | 120+ | 29/ | 1602 |
| 17 or 18 expected count | 1480.5 | 100.9 | 20.6 | 1602.0 |
| 19 or over count | 1576- | 120+ | 32+ | 1728 |
| 19 or over expected count | 1596.9 | 108.9 | 22.2 | 1728.0 |
| Column total | 7408 | 505 | 103 | 8016 |
There is a slight pattern the opposite to expected; those that left education at 16 or less had a higher than expected count for being treated with respect and dignity and those that left school aged 17 or over had a lower than expected count.
| Table XII. Chi-Square Statistic | |||
| Value | df | Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) | |
| Pearson Chi-Square | 22.435a | 4 | .000 |
| Likelihood Ratio | 22.046 | 4 | .000 |
| Linear-by-Linear Association | 16.718 | 1 | .000 |
| N of Valid Cases | 8016 | ||
| a. 0 cells (.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 20.58. | |||
It is valid and significant. The obtained value of 22.435 is higher than 9.49; there is a slight correlation between age left education and whether patients were treated with respect and dignity.
Table XIII. Contingency Table of Age Group and Whether Treated with Respect and Dignity
| Case Processing Summary | ||||||
|
Cases |
||||||
| Valid | Missing | Total | ||||
| N | Percent | N | Percent | N | Percent | |
| Age group, taken from response or from sample information if response missing * Did the doctor treat you with respect and dignity? | 8016 | 84.7% | 1443 | 15.3% | 9459 | 100.0% |
|
Did the doctor treat you with respect and dignity? |
||||
| Age Group | Yes, all of the time | Yes, some of the time | No | Row Total |
| 16-35 years count | 1178- | 143+ | 37+ | 1358 |
| 16-35 years expected count | 1255.0 | 85.6 | 17.4 | 1358.0 |
| 36-50 years count | 1857- | 175+ | 41+ | 2073 |
| 36-50 years expected count | 1915.8 | 130.6 | 26.6 | 2073.0 |
| 51-65 years count | 2289+ | 133- | 19- | 2441 |
| 51-65 years expected count | 2255.9 | 153.8 | 31.4 | 2441.0 |
| Over 65 years count | 2084+ | 54- | 6- | 2144 |
| Over 65 years expected count | 1981.4 | 135.1 | 27.5 | 2144.0 |
| Column Total | 7408 | 505 | 103 | 8016 |
There is a pattern the opposite to expected; the older age groups had a higher than expected count for being treated by the doctor with respect and dignity and the opposite is the case for younger age groups ’16-35’ and ’36-50’.
| Table XIV. Chi-Square Statistic | |||
| Value | df | Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) | |
| Pearson Chi-Square | 168.848a | 6 | .000 |
| Likelihood Ratio | 177.726 | 6 | .000 |
| Linear-by-Linear Association | 162.996 | 1 | .000 |
| N of Valid Cases | 8016 | ||
| a. 0 cells (.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 17.45. | |||
It is significant and valid. The obtained value of 168.848 is much higher than the critical value of 12.59, therefore there is a strong association between age and whether patients were treated with respect and dignity.
Indicator 4 – Whether Been Referred to a Specialist In the Last Twelve Months
Table XV. Contingency Table for Age Left Education and Whether Been Referred to Specialist
| Case Processing Summary | ||||||
|
Cases |
||||||
| Valid | Missing | Total | ||||
| N | Percent | N | Percent | N | Percent | |
| How old were you when you left full-time education? * In the last 12 months, has anyone at your GP practice/ health centre referred you to a specialist (e.g. a hospital consultant)? | 9298 | 98.3% | 161 | 1.7% | 9459 | 100.0% |
|
In the last 12 months has anyone at your GP referred you to a specialist? |
|||
| Age left education | Yes |
No |
Row Total |
| 16 or less count | 2002+ | 3357- | 5359 |
| 16 or less expected count | 1925.0 | 3434.0 | 5359.0 |
| 17 or 18 count | 655- | 1232+ | 1887 |
| 17 or 18 expected count | 677.8 | 1209.2 | 1887.0 |
| 19 or over count | 683- | 1369+ | 2052 |
| 19 or over expected count | 737.1 | 1314.9 | 2052.0 |
| Column total | 3340 | 5958 | 9298 |
The pattern is the opposite to expected: those that left education age 16 or less had a higher than expected count for being referred to a specialist in the last 12 months; those that left education aged 17 or over had a lower than expected count.
| Table XVI. Chi-Square Statistic | |||
| Value | df | Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) | |
| Pearson Chi-Square | 12.202a | 2 | .002 |
| Likelihood Ratio | 12.252 | 2 | .002 |
| Linear-by-Linear Association | 11.969 | 1 | .001 |
| N of Valid Cases | 9298 | ||
| a. 0 cells (.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 677.84. | |||
It is significant and valid. The obtained value of 12.202 is slightly higher than the critical value of 5.99, it suggests there is a slight association between age left education and referral to a specialist.
Table XVII. Contingency Table for Age Group and Whether Been Referred to a Specialist
| Case Processing Summary | ||||||
|
Cases |
||||||
| Valid | Missing | Total | ||||
| N | Percent | N | Percent | N | Percent | |
| Age group, taken from response or from sample information if response missing * In the last 12 months, has anyone at your GP practice/ health centre referred you to a specialist (e.g. a hospital consultant)? | 9817 | 40.5% | 14430 | 59.5% | 24247 | 100.0% |
It is worth noting that the percentage missing for this particular question in relation to age group was very high (59.5%). This may have affected results. As suggested previously the greatest proportion missing is likely to be from the 16-35 age group.
|
|
In the last 12 months has anyone at your GP referred you to a specialist? |
||
| Age Group | Yes |
No |
Row Total |
| 16-35 years count | 566- | 1310+ | 1876 |
| 16-35 years expected count | 670.6 | 1205.4 | 1876.0 |
| 36-50 years count | 889/ | 1590/ | 2479 |
| 36-50 years expected count | 886.1 | 1592.9 | 2479.0 |
| 51-65 years count | 1009- | 1969+ | 2978 |
| 51-65 years expected count | 1064.5 | 1913.5 | 2978.0 |
| Over 65 years count | 1045+ | 1439- | 2484 |
| Over 65 years expected count | 887.9 | 1596.1 | 2484.0 |
| Column Total | 3509 | 6308 | 9817 |
There is a slight pattern at opposite ends of the age spectrum: those aged 16-35 had a lower than expected count for being referred to a specialist and those aged 65 or over had a higher than expected count.
| Table XVIII. Chi-Square Statistic | |||
| Value | df | Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) | |
| Pearson Chi-Square | 73.154a | 3 | .000 |
| Likelihood Ratio | 72.884 | 3 | .000 |
| Linear-by-Linear Association | 52.072 | 1 | .000 |
| N of Valid Cases | 9817 | ||
| a. 0 cells (.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 670.56. | |||
It is significant and valid. The obtained value of 73.145 is much greater than the critical value of 7.82, therefore there is an association between age group and referral to a specialist.
Indicator 5 – Was the Main Reason Dealt With to Your Satisfaction?
Table XIX. Contingency Table for Age Left Education and Whether Problem Dealt With to Satisfaction
| Case Processing Summary | ||||||
| Cases | ||||||
| Valid | Missing | Total | ||||
| N | Percent | N | Percent | N | Percent | |
| How old were you when you left full-time education? * Was the main reason you went you your GP practice/ health centre dealt with to your satisfaction? | 9179 | 97.0% | 280 | 3.0% | 9459 | 100.0% |
| Was the main reason you went to your GP dealt with to your satisfaction? | ||||
| Age left education | Yes, completely | Yes, to some extent | No | Row Total |
| 16 or less count | 4071+ | 1096- | 152- | 5319 |
| 16 or less expected count | 3979.3 | 1167.1 | 172.7 | 5319.0 |
| 17 or 18 count | 1361- | 432+ | 63/ | 1856 |
| 17 or 18 expected count | 1388.5 | 407.2 | 60.3 | 1856.0 |
| 19 or over count | 1435- | 486+ | 83+ | 2004 |
| 19 or over expected count | 1499.2 | 439.7 | 65.1 | 2004.0 |
| Column total | 6867 | 2014 | 298 | 9179 |
Results are the opposite to expected: those that left school earlier (16 or less) had a higher than expected count for having their problem dealt with to their satisfaction; those that left aged 19 or over had a lower than expected count.
| Table XX. Chi-Square Statistic | |||
| Value | df | Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) | |
| Pearson Chi-Square | 23.669a | 4 | .000 |
| Likelihood Ratio | 23.298 | 4 | .000 |
| Linear-by-Linear Association | 23.029 | 1 | .000 |
| N of Valid Cases | 9179 | ||
| a. 0 cells (.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 60.26. | |||
It is significant and valid. The obtained value 23.669 is greater than the critical value of 9.49; there appears to be a slight correlation between age left education and having the problem deal with satisfactorily.
Table XXI. Contingency Table for Age Group and Whether Problem Dealt With to Satisfaction
| Case Processing Summary | ||||||
|
Cases |
||||||
| Valid | Missing | Total | ||||
| N | Percent | N | Percent | N | Percent | |
| Age group, taken from response or from sample information if response missing * Was the main reason you went you your GP practice/ health centre dealt with to your satisfaction? | 9179 | 97.0% | 280 | 3.0% | 9459 | 100.0% |
|
Was the main reason you went to your GP dealt with to your satisfaction? |
||||
| Age Group | Yes, completely | Yes, to some extent | No | Row Total |
| 16-35 years count | 1065- | 437+ | 78+ | 1580 |
| 16-35 years expected count | 1182.0 | 346.7 | 51.3 | 1580.0 |
| 36-50 years count | 1653- | 631+ | 103+ | 2387 |
| 36-50 years expected count | 1785.8 | 523.7 | 77.5 | 2387.0 |
| 51-65 years count | 2183+ | 606- | 75- | 2864 |
| 51-65 years expected count | 2142.6 | 628.4 | 93.0 | 2864.0 |
| Over 65 years count | 1966+ | 340- | 42- | 2348 |
| Over 65 years expected count | 1756.6 | 515.2 | 76.2 | 2348.0 |
| Column Total | 6867 | 2014 | 298 | 9179 |
There is a clear pattern and a large difference between expected and actual counts though it is the opposite than expected. The younger age groups of 16-35 and 36-50 had a higher than expected count for only having their problem dealt with ‘to some extent’ or not at all; older age groups 51-65 and 65+ had a higher than expected count for having their problem dealt with ‘completely’ to their satisfaction.
| Table XXII. Chi-Square Statistic | |||
| Value | df | Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) | |
| Pearson Chi-Square | 194.196a | 6 | .000 |
| Likelihood Ratio | 199.492 | 6 | .000 |
| Linear-by-Linear Association | 178.098 | 1 | .000 |
| N of Valid Cases | 9179 | ||
| a. 0 cells (.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 51.30. | |||
It is significant and valid. The obtained value of 194.196 is much greater than the critical value 12.59; therefore there is a strong association between age group and whether or not the main problem was dealt with satisfactorily.
Indicator 6 – Whether or Not Been Put Off Going to GP Due to Inconvenient Opening Times
Table XXIII. Contingency Table for Age Left Education and Whether Been Put Off Appointments Due to Inconvenient Opening Times
| Case Processing Summary | ||||||
|
Cases |
||||||
| Valid | Missing | Total | ||||
| N | Percent | N | Percent | N | Percent | |
| How old were you when you left full-time education? * In the last 12 months, have you ever been put off going to your GP practice/ health centre because the opening times are inconvenient for you? | 9286 | 98.2% | 173 | 1.8% | 9459 | 100.0% |
|
Have you been put off going to your GP because of inconvenient opening times? |
||||
| Age left education | Yes, often | Yes, sometimes | No | Row Total |
| 16 or less count | 282- | 770- | 4314+ | 5366 |
| 16 or less expected count | 371.6 | 924.6 | 4069.9 | 5366.0 |
| 17 or 18 count | 175+ | 388+ | 1322- | 1885 |
| 17 or 18 expected count | 130.5 | 324.8 | 1429.7 | 1885.0 |
| 19 or over count | 186+ | 442+ | 1407- | 2035 |
| 19 or over expected count | 140.9 | 350.6 | 1543.5 | 2035.0 |
| Column total | 643 | 1600 | 7043 | 9286 |
There is a strong pattern: Those that left education aged 16 or less had a lower than expected count for being put off going to their GP because of inconvenient opening times and those that left school at 17 or 18 or 19 had a higher than expected count.
| Table XXIV. Chi-Square Statistic | |||
| Value | df | Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) | |
| Pearson Chi-Square | 147.941a | 4 | .000 |
| Likelihood Ratio | 146.423 | 4 | .000 |
| Linear-by-Linear Association | 121.274 | 1 | .000 |
| N of Valid Cases | 9286 | ||
| a. 0 cells (.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 130.52. | |||
It is valid and significant. The obtained value of 147.941 is much greater than the critical value of 9.49, suggesting there is a strong relationship between age left education and whether or not they are likely to be put off going to their GP due to inconvenient opening times.
Table XXV. Contingency Table for Age Group and Whether Been Put Off Making an Appointment Due to Inconvenient Opening Times
| Case Processing Summary | ||||||
|
Cases |
||||||
| Valid | Missing | Total | ||||
| N | Percent | N | Percent | N | Percent | |
| Age group, taken from response or from sample information if response missing * In the last 12 months, have you ever been put off going to your GP practice/ health centre because the opening times are inconvenient for you? | 9286 | 98.2% | 173 | 1.8% | 9459 | 100.0% |
|
Have you been put off going to your GP because of inconvenient opening times? |
||||
| Age Group | Yes, often | Yes, sometimes | No | Row Total |
| 16-35 years count | 196+ | 388 + | 1006 – | 1590 |
| 16-35 years expected count | 110.1 | 274.0 | 1205.9 | 1590.0 |
| 36-50 years count | 238+ | 538+ | 1651 – | 2427 |
| 36-50 years expected count | 168.1 | 418.2 | 1840.8 | 2427.0 |
| 51-65 years count | 176- | 509+ | 2215+ | 2900 |
| 51-65 years expected count | 200.8 | 499.7 | 2199.5 | 2900.0 |
| Over 65 years count | 33 – | 165 – | 2171 + | 2369 |
| Over 65 years expected count | 164.0 | 408.2 | 1796.8 | 2369.0 |
| Column Total | 643 | 1600 | 7043 | 9286 |
The results show a pattern opposite to expectations: the younger age groups (16-35 and 36-50) had a higher count than expected for being put off from making an appointment either ‘often’ or ‘sometimes’ whereas those aged 65 or over had a much lower than expected count for being put off due to inconvenient opening times.
| Table XXVI. Chi-Square Statistic | |||
| Value | df | Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) | |
| Pearson Chi-Square | 561.500a | 6 | .000 |
| Likelihood Ratio | 629.109 | 6 | .000 |
| Linear-by-Linear Association | 505.170 | 1 | .000 |
| N of Valid Cases | 9286 | ||
| a. 0 cells (.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 110.10. | |||
It is valid and significant. The obtained value of 561.500 is much greater than the critical value of 12.59, therefore there is likely to be a very strong association between age group and whether put off due to inconvenient opening times.